NAMPT INHIBITION AND INCREASED NAD-BIOAVAILABILITY ATENUATE LIVER DAMAGE
IN CCl4-INDUCED MICE LIVER FIBROSIS
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT)
is the rate-limiting enzyme within the NAD+ salvage biosynthetic pathway
and also a cytokine modulator with effects on inflammation and
fibrogenesis. FK866 (NAMPT inhibitor) has shown anti-inflammatory
properties. However, FK866-induced depletion of NAD+ may also impair
liver bioenergetic metabolism during Chronic Liver Disease (CLD). The
aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of NAMPT inhibition and
NAD+ restoration on experimental CLD. Experimental Approach.
CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis was established after 6 weeks. Treatment
groups (n=5 mice per group) included: 1) vehicle; 2) CCl4 control; 3)
Silymarin + CCl4; 4) FK866 + CCl4; and 5) NMN+FK866+CCl4. At the end of
the experimental induction and treatments, mice were sacrificed and
liver was collected for weight, and paraformaldehyde fixed for
histological characteristics of inflammation and fibrosis, as well as
NAD+/NADH determination by colorimetric assay. Liver function tests were
performed from blood sample. Statistical analysis was performed by
T-test. Key Results. NAMPT inhibition resulted in a mild attenuation of
histological and biochemical features of the CCl4-induced liver damage.
NAD+ restoration, by the concomitant administration of its precursor
NMN, resulted in a significant improvement of the histological
characteristics; evidenced by a lower inflammatory infiltrate and
fibrosis as well as lower levels of bilirubin. NAMPT inhibition and
adequate NAD+ restoration were confirmed by a colorimetric assay of NADH
and NAD+ and biochemical features were measured by routinary Liver
Function Tests. Conclusion and implications. This study shows that NAMPT
inhibition concomitant to NAD restoration significantly attenuate
experimental liver damage.