Enhanced Wildfire Detection using AI/ML: Harnessing Multi-spectral
Satellite Imagery with Convolutional Neural Networks
Abstract
This research paper titled “Enhanced Wildfire Detection using AI/ML:
Harnessing Multi-spectral Satellite Imagery with Convolutional Neural
Networks” aims to advance the capabilities of wildfire detection by
employing Artificial Intelligence (AI), specifically Convolutional
Neural Networks (CNNs). Given the escalating threat of wildfires
exacerbated by climate change and human activity, traditional detection
methods, though effective, are both costly and time-consuming. To
counter these limitations, the study taps into multi-resolution
satellite imagery, particularly from the VIIRS and Sentinel-2
satellites. The primary data source, VIIRS, offers comprehensive
spectral bands and frequent global coverage. In contrast, Sentinel-2
provides high-resolution optical image data vital for detailed wildfire
detection. The research processes the collected data, refining and
categorizing them for training and testing. A Convolutional Neural
Network is then employed to classify images as either “fire” or
“nofire.” Two main architectures, Deep CNN and a simplified
MobileNet-like CNN, were explored. Among the models tested, the Deep CNN
using the Adam optimizer was found to be the most accurate, although it
hinted at possible overfitting. The paper also points out several
limitations, such as reliance on the visible spectrum that could be
obstructed by atmospheric conditions and the temporal gaps in image
captures that could delay real-time detection. The study concludes by
emphasizing the transformative potential of integrating AI with
satellite technology for early wildfire detection. Future advancements
could harness multispectral bands and refine spatial and temporal
resolutions to further enhance the early detection and intervention of
wildfires. The research received support from the Network of Resources (NoR) at ESA, which facilitated expanded access to the SentinelHub platform.