Breast cancer stands as a pressing health concern for women across the globe with millions of new cases worldwide each year. The diagnostic procedures often rely on expert analysis and interpretation, which can be subject to errors and limitations. This review offers an in-depth examination of the potential role of artificial intelligence as a transformative tool in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The focus is on the recent advancements within machine learning and deep learning, subsets of artificial intelligence that have shown promise in enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of breast cancer detection and classification. The paper discusses studies published in 2023, which have utilized artificial intelligence models with diagnostic medical datasets to identify, classify and predict the presence of breast cancer with increased precision. By exploring a multitude of approaches, such as federated learning, hybrid deep and machine learning models, and optimization algorithms applied to classification and predictive tasks, this review encapsulates the current state of machine learning and deep learning applications in breast cancer diagnosis.

This paper addresses the issue of robust tracking control of Coaxial Octorotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (COUAVs). First, a novel Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) super-twisting Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) is proposed for a wide range of systems, in which uncertainties and disturbances are estimated through a Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN). Lyapunov stability theory is used to guarantee the stability of the closed loop system. The real-time update laws for the MLPNN weights are formulated within the stability analysis. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is demonstrated through its application to control uncertain COUAVs in the presence of disturbances. A control structure employing an inner-outer loop framework is adopted to handle the underactuated COUAV dynamics. Simulations involving a commercial heavy-lift COUAV are presented, illustrating the robustness and efficacy of the proposed method.

This paper describes our submission to the SemEval-2023 for Task 6 on LegalEval: Understanding Legal Texts. Our submission concentrated on three subtasks: Legal Named Entity Recognition (L-NER) for Task-B, Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) for Task-C1, and Court Judgment Prediction with Explanation (CJPE) for Task-C2. We conducted various experiments on these subtasks and presented the results in detail, including data statistics and methodology. It is worth noting that legal tasks, such as those tackled in this research, have been gaining importance due to the increasing need to automate legal analysis and support. Our team obtained competitive rankings of 15th , 11th , and 1st in Task-B, Task-C1, and Task-C2, respectively, as reported on the leaderboard.

To enhance the efficiency of language models, it would involve optimizing their training and inference processes to reduce computational demands while maintaining high performance. The research focuses on the application of model compression, quantization, and hardware acceleration techniques to the Llama model. Pruning and knowledge distillation methods effectively reduce the model size, resulting in faster training times and lower resource consumption. Quantization techniques, including 8-bit and 4-bit representations, significantly decrease memory usage and improve computational speed without substantial accuracy loss. The integration of GPUs and TPUs further accelerates the training and inference processes, demonstrating the crucial role of hardware in optimizing large-scale models. The study highlights the practical implications of those techniques, paving the way for more sustainable and scalable AI solutions.

Hyperdimensional Computing (HDC) is a bioinspired learning paradigm, that models neural pattern activities using high-dimensional distributed representations. HDC leverages parallel and simple vector arithmetic operations to combine and compare different concepts, enabling cognitive and reasoning tasks. The computational efficiency and parallelism of this approach make it particularly suited for hardware implementations, especially as a lightweight, energy-efficient solution for performing learning tasks on resource-constrained edge devices. The HDC pipeline, including encoding, training, and comparison stages, has been extensively explored with various approaches in the literature. However, while these techniques are mainly oriented to improve the model accuracy, their influence on hardware parameters remains largely unexplored. This work presents AeneasHDC, an automatic and open-source platform for the streamlined deployment of HDC models in both software and hardware for classification, regression and clustering tasks. AeneasHDC supports an extensive range of techniques commonly adopted in literature, automates the design of flexible hardware accelerators for HDC, and empowers users to easily assess the impact of different design choices on model accuracy, memory usage, execution time, power consumption, and area requirements.

Marketing Mix Modeling (MMM) traditionally employs statistical metrics such as R-squared, Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) for model calibration and evaluation. These metrics, while insightful, often fall short in addressing the complexities of real-world scenarios. This report explores advanced analytical techniques, focusing on the Probability Integral Transform (PIT) residuals and Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, to enhance the calibration of MMM. Our findings indicate significant deviations from uniformity in the PIT residuals for both optimal and suboptimal models, with the best model demonstrating lower KL divergence, suggesting a closer fit to the expected uniform distribution. This study underscores the value of incorporating advanced metrics for a more nuanced understanding of MMM calibration, beyond conventional evaluation methods.

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of three bipolar-junction-transistor (BJT) amplifier topologies common-emitter, common-collector, and common-base amplifiers-under transient conditions across low and high frequencies. Utilizing MATLAB-Simulink simulations, the response of each amplifier topology to varying frequency inputs is investigated, with a particular emphasis on state space modeling. Beginning with low-frequency models characterized by specific voltage or current sources, the study delves into the steady-state dynamics of output variables, employing state space equations to elucidate amplifier behavior. Notably, the common-emitter amplifier topology exhibits high gains, as corroborated by established literature, underlining its potential for high-performance applications. Conversely, the common-collector and common-base amplifier topologies demonstrate lower gains, reflecting distinct design characteristics. Transitioning to high-frequency operation, the impact of Miller capacitance on gain reduction is explored, especially pronounced in the common-emitter amplifier topology. Despite this, all amplifier configurations remain functional, with state space models validated through meticulous simulations. Simulation parameters are meticulously adjusted to accurately represent real-world scenarios, enhancing the reliability of the findings. These insights underscore the importance of comprehending amplifier behavior across different frequency domains, with state space modeling offering a powerful framework for analysis. By providing detailed insights into BJT amplifier performance under transient conditions, this study facilitates informed decisions regarding amplifier configuration selection and design, tailored to specific application requirements and frequency considerations.

Stability analysis of power electronicsdominated grids is challenging due to the need of manufacturers to protect the intellectual property of converters control systems. Black-box dq impedance models have been proposed to overcome this challenge in grid stability analysis. However, such models are limited to small-signal analyses and are accurate only around a predefined and pre-computed equilibrium point. Conversely, the recently proposed nonlinear Differential-Algebraic Equations (DAE) models of converter-dominated grids can be used for stability analyses in every operating conditions and additionally for generalized power flow analysis and transient time-domain simulations. Despite these advantages, nonlinear state-space converters models require the full knowledge of their control system. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a nonlinear grey-box modeling strategy which uses structured perturbations to represent the converters' control system uncertainties. The stability boundaries and control loops sensitivity are analyzed in a multi-vendor converterdominated grid at different operating points through robust control theory. Hardware-In-the-Loop results are provided.

Noninvasive augmented-reality (AR) brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) that use steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) typically adopt a fully autonomous goal-selection framework to control a robot, where automation is used to compensate for the low information transfer rate of the BCI. This scheme improves task performance but users may prefer direct control (DC) of robot motion. To provide users with a balance of autonomous assistance and manual control, we developed a shared control (SC) system for continuous control of robot translation using an SSVEP AR-BCI, which we tested in a 3D reaching task. The SC system used the BCI input and robot sensor data to continuously predict which object the user wanted to reach, generated an assistance signal, and regulated the level of assistance based on prediction confidence. Eighteen healthy participants took part in our study and each completed 24 reaching trials using DC and SC. Compared to DC, SC significantly improved (paired two-tailed t-test, Holm-corrected α<0.05) mean task success rate (p<0.0001, µ=36.1%, 95% CI [25.3%, 46.9%]), normalised reaching trajectory length (p<0.0001, µ=-26.8%, 95% CI [-36.0%,-17.7%]), and participant workload (p<0.02, µ=-11.6, 95% CI [-21.1,-2.0]) measured with the NASA Task Load Index. Therefore, users of SC can control the robot effectively, while experiencing increased agency. Our system can personalise assistive technology by providing users with the ability to select their preferred level of autonomous assistance.

Malware detection has become increasingly challenging due to the sophisticated evasion techniques employed by modern threats. A novel situation-aware malware detection framework is introduced, integrating machine learning models with environmental information to enhance detection capabilities. By leveraging contextual data, including network activity, file system changes, user interactions, and system state variables, the framework provides a holistic understanding of system behavior. The detection system achieves significant improvements in accuracy, precision, and recall, outperforming traditional methods. Comparative analyses reveal that incorporating environmental information enhances detection accuracy by 6.4%, while significantly reducing false positives and false negatives. The proposed framework continuously adapts to new threats, ensuring robust defense against a wide range of malware variants. Experimental results highlight the effectiveness of the approach, validated through rigorous testing and comparisons with baseline methods. The study advances the field of cybersecurity by offering an adaptive, context-aware solution that addresses the limitations of existing detection techniques. Future research directions include extending the framework to other operating systems, integrating advanced machine learning techniques, and exploring privacypreserving data collection methods.

This research presents an empirical analysis on the realities of feature extraction and generalization of images of human faces. Experiments performed using principal component analysis (PCA) and histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) provided new insights on the variance of classification accuracy based on the quantity of data, and the actuality of data captured by specific principal components. HOG features provided greater classification accuracy for exact matches, and eigen faces of PCA were more accurate for generalization to previously unseen data. The results presented offer practical insights that can assist in the selection and design of algorithms that utilize PCA or HOG for data analysis. This is of particular significance in avoiding errors when data may undergo variations in sample size.

Currently, Federated Learning is a research approach where multiple parties can train a model together without sharing each other's data to solve complex problems in machine learning. Ultrasound Nerve Segmentation is a computer vision technique that automatically identifies and segments nerve structures in ultrasound images. This technique is particularly important in medical applications where accurate localization of nerves is crucial, such as during anesthesia, nerve blocks, or surgical procedures. Ultrasound Nerve Segmentation can help doctors find nerves better during medical procedures. This could make patients feel better and have better results. Talking about surgery can make even brave patients scared because it hurts and can cause a lot of pain afterward. To reduce pain, people use drugs called narcotics, but these drugs can have bad side effects. The goal of this project is to improve pain management by using indwelling catheters that block or reduce pain at its source. These catheters reduce the need for painkillers and hasten patient healing. It is crucial to precisely identify nerve structures in ultrasound images to guarantee the exact insertion of a patient's pain management catheter. We attempt to build an algorithm that can recognize nerve structures in a dataset of neck ultrasound images in this study. To do this, we created a U-net architecture model that will accept an image as input and forecast an image with the source of the pain highlighted as the output. Achieving this objective would improve catheter placement precision and help in the future with reduced pain.

This article focuses on analyzing SplitFed Learning against model poisoning vulnerability and developing methods to protect such a system against these attacks. SplitFed learning is a distributed learning paradigm where a neural network model is split between clients and the server, contrasting with traditional Federated Learning. SplitFed learning enables enhanced security and privacy of data, and clients do not need to perform heavy computation in model training, as they only need to train a part of the model. This approach ensures that the model can make precise predictions while maintaining the confidentiality of sensitive information. In addition to implementing a SplitFed Model, the paper proposes a distance-based method that can poison SplitFed Learning-based systems. Subsequently, this paper develops a novel prevention strategy based on robust statistical properties of the sample. To test the proposed methodology, as a test case, we have employed the image cell dataset of the malaria parasite. By addressing the impacts of adversarial attacks, this paper contributes to the advancement of deep learning techniques.

The integration of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). By leveraging RAG techniques, LLMs can access a broader range of information, improve coherence, and enhance the relevance of generated text. This paper explores the efficient usage of RAG systems in LLMs, highlighting their benefits, applications, and future implications.

Integrating inverter-based resources into power systems increases their complexity, and makes their operation more challenging. The conventional approach for simulating power systems neglects transients of the power grid, using steady-state phasors and considering only fundamental frequency values. However, to accurately predict the dynamic behavior of systems with high shares of inverter based resources, electromagnetic transient simulations (EMTSs) are necessary. The primary limitation of classical time-domain EMTSs is their frequent timeconsuming nature, making them impractical for larger systems. In this work, we explore the use of dynamic phasors (DPs) as a technique to accelerate EMTSs. For this purpose, we first adapt the power grid and inverter model to DP simulation. Subsequently, we assess the effectiveness of this approach through three numerical examples, demonstrating a reduction in the simulation times by a factor of 4 to 40.

A simple two-dimensional model of an infinite array of circular conductors is presented. The model is developed in two variants, a thin model and a thick model. It allows the evaluation of the shielding effectiveness of the array when the wires distances their and radius changes. The shielding effect is expressed through the transmission coefficient of a plane wave normally impinging on the screen. The model is limited to a plane wave impinging normally on the wire's plane and linearly polarized along the wires.

Indoor imaging scenarios involving complex environments are studied by utilizing a combination of ray tracing and imaging algorithms. The utilized ray tracer is based on computing equivalent sources on a Huygens surface, which can be placed arbitrarily between the antennas and the considered scattering objects. To verify the simulation results we compute synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images for several configurations by utilizing an inverse source based reconstruction algorithm and compare the results to those obtained by a standard backprojection algorithm.

User safety is a crucial factor to consider when designing control paradigms for lower-limb exoskeletons. Existing control paradigms mainly focus on providing assistance for human users under stable walking conditions, ignoring situations that human users may lose their balance due to external perturbations during locomotion. In this letter, we propose a safety framework for lower-limb exoskeletons to augment safety for volitional human motion based on Control Barrier Functions. The safety indicators are defined as the human's center of mass and swing foot position lying within self-selected ranges. Instead of enforcing reference trajectories, we incorporate human inputs and preferences in a two-layer quadratic program structure based on Control Barrier Functions to generate assistance for ensuring safety. Simulation results on a human wearing an exoskeleton demonstrate that the proposed control paradigm can generate assistance to assist human users in maintaining balance while undergoing gait perturbations and recovering from initial unsafe postures.