At NHMLA, we performed Raman mapping (Horiba ExploRa+ 532 nm and 785 nm lasers) and XRF mapping (Horiba XGT-7200) on agates of known provenance that could later be compared to gemstones in the Borghese-Windsor Cabinet.  Maps have advantages over line scans and point analysis in that they give a better representation of the mineral content, can be used to exclude trace mineral impurities, and yield better counting statistics and averaging.  
When examining the cryptocrystalline parts of agate from comparative collections, Brazilian agates (e.g. Figure \ref{265462} from Natural History Museum of Los Angeles collection) had 8% or higher moganite concentration, whereas the Idar-Oberstein agate (on loan from the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History) had less than 2% moganite.  No intermediate moganite percentages were observed for the specimens that were examined.  Well-crystallized areas and microcrystalline areas within the same agate had little to no moganite.  The moganite distribution in the agate is heterogeneous (e.g. Figure \ref{987331}), likely due to different growth stages and changing geological conditions during agate formation. Using the Raman maps, we were able to isolate the areas that contained moganite + quartz, and measure the ratios in those specific bands (e.g. Figure \ref{373140}).  This narrow-band approach to quartz:moganite determination was compared to broad-brand and whole-sample approaches,  and the narrow-band approach was shown to be more reproducible in distinguishing Brazilian from German agates.   Because moganite is isolated to select layers/bands within agate, care must be taken when evaluating quartz:moganite ratios for provenance or age analysis.  
Agates from the Brazilian and German localities were also taken to to CalTech to perform hyperspectral imaging and compared with the NHMLA laboratory Raman and XRF analysis. 
These agates were taken When correlation analysis between the three experimental procedures were complete, hyperspectral imaging analysis of the entire cabinet was performed (Figure \ref{620486}), as well as XRF on select drawers that were removed from the cabinet and analyzed on the large volume XRF at the Getty Center.