FIGURE LEGENDS
Figure 1. Effects of L. fermentum CECT5716
administration on a) morphological changes (body weight
evolution, energy intake, energy efficiency, abdominal and epididymal
fat); b) Glucose tolerance test and area under the curve (AUC)
and c) Epididymal adipose tissue, analysed by hematoxylin and
eosin staining (scale bar=50 μm) and on adipocyte area. Data are
expressed as means ± SEM (n=10). Groups with different letter
statistically differ (P< 0.05).
Figure 2. a) Basal Glucose, insulin levels and HOMA-IR
index, and; b) LDL/HDL ratio and Triglycerides plasma levels in
control and high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Data are expressed as means ±
SEM (n=10). Groups with different letter statistically differ
(P< 0.05).
Figure 3. Effects of L. fermentum CECT5716
administration on liver and/or fat gene expression of a)Il-6 , Tnf-α , Mcp-1 and Jnk-1 , and;b) Ppar⍺ , Glut4 , AmpK and Tlr4 in
high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, analysed by real time qPCR. Data are
expressed as means ± SEM (n=10). Groups with different letter
statistically differ (P< 0.05).
Figure 4. Effects of L. fermentum CECT5716
administration on fat gene expression of Leptin andAdinopectin , and on fat and liver gene expression of Leptin
R in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, analysed by real time qPCR. Data are
expressed as means ± SEM (n=10). Groups with different letter
statistically differ (P< 0.05).
Figure 5. Effects of L. fermentum CECT5716
administration on a) gene expression of intestinal barrier
integrity markers Muc-1 , Muc-2 , Muc-3 , Zo-1 ,Occludin and Tff-3 in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice,
analysed by real time qPCR; b) plasma endotoxin concentrations
(EU/mL, endotoxin units/mL). Data are expressed as means ± SEM (n=10).
Groups with different letter statistically differ (P< 0.05).
Figure 6. Effects of L. fermentum CECT5716
administration on endothelial function: a)endothelium-dependent relaxation in the absence or the presence NADPH
oxidase inhibitor VAS2870; b) aortic NADPH activity and gene
expression of Tlr4, Tnf-α and Il-1β in control and high fat diet
(HFD)-fed mice. Data are expressed as means ± SEM (n=10). Groups with
different letter statistically differ (P< 0.05).
Figure 7. Impact of L. fermentum CECT5716 administration
on a) microbiome diversity (Chao1, PD whole tree, Observed OTUs
and Shannon index); b) Beta-diversity by principal coordinate
analysis score plot, and c) bacterial community (phyla, class
and genus) and the F/B ratio. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. Groups
with different letter statistically differ (P<0.05).
Figure S1. Heat-map of taxon that were most significantly
different in abundance and main obesity-related markers. Correlation
using non-parametric test of Spearman.
Figure 8. a) Metagenomic functional features predicted by
PICRUSt (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of
Unobserved States) that were differentially abundant and drove
differences in non-obese mice (control mice), HFD-group and in the
treatment obese mice (L. fermentum group); b)Correlation between bacterial taxa and functional features in each
group; and c) Correlation networks for control mice, HFD-group
and L. fermentum treated mice.