Author contributions
Norman Leo Mukarati was the main researcher who conceived the ideas and designed the methodology as well as carrying out the field work and partly the laboratory work;
Okechukwu C. Ndumnego, Solomon Jauro and Henriette van Heerden designed, carried out the serological testing of the samples for B. anthracis PA antigen antibodies by ELISA –PA assay and revised final manuscript.
Sunday O. Ochai and Henriette van Heerdendesigned, carried out the toxin neutralization (TNA) test for validation of ELISA-PA assay for detection of antibodies to B. anthracis in lion sera, and also revised final manuscript.
Andrew Loveridge and Tapiwa G. Hanyire collected the blood samples from lions used in this study.
Davies M. Pfukenyi and Gift Matope carried out data analysis and redrafting of the manuscript especially epidemiological aspects.
Alexandre Caron and Michel de Garine-Wichatitsky –critiqued the manuscript and contributed to its redrafting.