Study (et al),
year (reference)
|
Study design
|
Used surgical technique
|
Patients with 2nd arch anomaly (total)
|
Cyst-fistula-sinus total
|
Side (L-R-B) / Sex (M-F)
|
Age at surgery
(in years)
(SD or range)
|
Follow-up
(in months)
|
Recurrence
|
Complications
|
Queizan, 1985(1)
|
RCS
|
Fistula: elliptical incision
Cyst: cervical, transversal incision
|
48 (52)
|
11-19-13(17 remnants)
|
B: 7/ (27-25)
|
1-7y
|
NR
|
2%
|
NR
|
Doi, 1988 (2) |
RCS |
‘surgical excision’ |
44 (58) |
7-20-12-39 |
NR / (32-26)* |
Fistula
<5
cyst >9
|
NR |
2.3% |
0% |
Ford, 1992 (3)
|
RCS
|
68/98 conventional
30/98 stepladder
|
98 (106)
|
90-2-?-98 **
|
40%-60%-6 / (45-53)
|
<13y
|
NR
|
3%
|
NR
|
Perez, 1994(4) |
RCS |
‘cystectomy’ |
19 (32) |
19-0-0-19♦ |
NR
/(11-21) |
23.9 |
4 years |
6.3% |
9.4% wound infection |
Atlan, 1997 (5) |
RCS |
‘Local excision’ |
17 (20) |
NA |
NR /
(11-6) |
2-60m |
NR |
NR |
11.8% hypertrofic scar |
Agaton, 1996(6)
|
RCS
|
Wide, transverse cervicotomy
|
137(183)
|
113-24-0-137
|
(58-123-2) / (43-98)
|
Cyst mean 23,6
fistula mean 24,6
|
24
|
4.9%
|
2.9% temporary neurological damage
6.6% infection
11.7% hematoma/seroma
|
Karabulut, 2005 (7) |
RCS |
Stepladder incision |
14 (14) |
?-?-13-14 |
(6-R-3)/ (6—8) |
1,5-16 (5.3) |
6 years |
0% |
0% |
Rattan, 2006 (8)
|
RCS
|
32/52 surgical excision
20/52 surgical excision and fistulogram
10/52 stepladder
|
52 (52)
|
0-52-0-52
|
(12-29-11)/ (38-14)
|
1-13 (4.5)
|
NR
|
4%
|
32% methylene spill
|
Schroeder, 2007(9)
|
RCS
|
Lateral cervicotomy
|
51 (67)
|
14-14-23- 51
|
NA/NA
|
Cyst: 4.9∟
Sinus: 4.5∟
fistula: 2.8∟
|
48
|
3.9%
|
1.9% temporary neurological damage
1.5% hematoma/seroma
10.4% infection
|
Mitroi, 2008 (10) |
RCS |
Lateral cervicotomy |
23(23) |
10-0-13-23 |
NR / (11-12) |
NR |
1-5 years |
0% |
0% |
Papadogeorgakis, 2009 (11) |
RCS |
Lateral cervicotomy |
18(18) |
18-0-0-18 |
11-7 / (10-8) |
27.8 (21-62) |
1-7y |
0% |
11.1%
seroma |
Bajaj, 2011(12)
|
RCS
|
55/62 elliptical incision
7/62 stepladder
|
62 (80)
|
NA
|
16-34-12 / (30-32)
|
1-14
|
6 weeks
|
1.6%
|
1.6% seroma
|
Maddalozzo, 2012(13) |
RCS |
Elliptical incision (4cm) |
208(232) |
?-28-?-232 |
0-25-3 / (11-17) |
6-131 months |
2 years |
0% |
0% |
Zeifullah, 2012 (14) |
RCS |
Wide horizontal incision /
stepladder |
11 (26) |
11-2-0-13*** |
7-3-1 / (5-7) |
19,6 (4-44) |
NR |
0% |
25% hypertrofic scar |
Erikci, 2014 (15) |
RCS |
‘surgical resection’ |
24(179) |
8-16-0-24 |
11/10/4 |
0-14 |
4-120m |
0% |
0% |
Kajosaari, 2014 (16)
|
RCS
|
‘surgical excision’
|
68(68)
|
0-68-0-68
|
(13-49-6) / (39-29)
|
0-16
|
NR
|
0%
|
2.9% tonsillectomy re-bleed
1.5% disturbing scar
|
Prasad, 2014 (17)
|
RCS
|
‘surgical excision’
|
17 (34)
|
8-9-0-17
|
NR / (9-8)
|
NR
|
NR
|
NR
|
5.9% wound infection
5.9% wound gaping
5.9% neurological deficit
|
Spinnelli, 2015 (18)
|
RCS
|
Transverse cervical incision
|
39(50)
|
11-27-1-39
|
NR / (21-29)
|
Cyst 9.5
Fistula 5.1
Sinus 3.7
|
1-10 years
|
4%
|
0%
|
Kalra, 2017 (19) |
RCS |
‘surgical excision’ |
94 (94) |
8-48-38-94 |
(24-62-8)/(70-24) |
3m-14y |
NR |
2.1% |
4.2% wound
infection |