Study (et al), year (reference)
Study design
Used surgical technique
Patients with 2nd arch anomaly (total)
Cyst-fistula-sinus total
Side (L-R-B) / Sex (M-F)
Age at surgery (in years) (SD or range) Follow-up (in months)
Recurrence
Complications
Queizan, 1985(1)
RCS
Fistula: elliptical incision Cyst: cervical, transversal incision
48 (52)
11-19-13(17 remnants)
B: 7/ (27-25)
1-7y
NR
2%
NR
Doi, 1988 (2) RCS ‘surgical excision’ 44 (58) 7-20-12-39 NR / (32-26)* Fistula <5 cyst >9 NR 2.3% 0%
Ford, 1992 (3)
RCS
68/98 conventional 30/98 stepladder
98 (106)
90-2-?-98 **
40%-60%-6 / (45-53)
<13y
NR
3%
NR
Perez, 1994(4) RCS ‘cystectomy’ 19 (32) 19-0-0-19♦ NR /(11-21) 23.9 4 years 6.3% 9.4% wound infection
Atlan, 1997 (5) RCS ‘Local excision’ 17 (20) NA NR / (11-6) 2-60m NR NR 11.8% hypertrofic scar
Agaton, 1996(6)
RCS
Wide, transverse cervicotomy
137(183)
113-24-0-137
(58-123-2) / (43-98)
Cyst mean 23,6 fistula mean 24,6
24
4.9%
2.9% temporary neurological damage 6.6% infection 11.7% hematoma/seroma
Karabulut, 2005 (7) RCS Stepladder incision 14 (14) ?-?-13-14 (6-R-3)/ (6—8) 1,5-16 (5.3) 6 years 0% 0%
Rattan, 2006 (8)
RCS
32/52 surgical excision 20/52 surgical excision and fistulogram 10/52 stepladder
52 (52)
0-52-0-52
(12-29-11)/ (38-14)
1-13 (4.5)
NR
4%
32% methylene spill
Schroeder, 2007(9)
RCS
Lateral cervicotomy
51 (67)
14-14-23- 51
NA/NA
Cyst: 4.9∟ Sinus: 4.5∟ fistula: 2.8∟
48
3.9%
1.9% temporary neurological damage 1.5% hematoma/seroma 10.4% infection
Mitroi, 2008 (10) RCS Lateral cervicotomy 23(23) 10-0-13-23 NR / (11-12) NR 1-5 years 0% 0%
Papadogeorgakis, 2009 (11) RCS Lateral cervicotomy 18(18) 18-0-0-18 11-7 / (10-8) 27.8 (21-62) 1-7y 0% 11.1% seroma
Bajaj, 2011(12)
RCS
55/62 elliptical incision 7/62 stepladder
62 (80)
NA
16-34-12 / (30-32)
1-14
6 weeks
1.6%
1.6% seroma
Maddalozzo, 2012(13) RCS Elliptical incision (4cm) 208(232) ?-28-?-232 0-25-3 / (11-17) 6-131 months 2 years 0% 0%
Zeifullah, 2012 (14) RCS Wide horizontal incision / stepladder 11 (26) 11-2-0-13*** 7-3-1 / (5-7) 19,6 (4-44) NR 0% 25% hypertrofic scar
Erikci, 2014 (15) RCS ‘surgical resection’ 24(179) 8-16-0-24 11/10/4 0-14 4-120m 0% 0%
Kajosaari, 2014 (16)
RCS
‘surgical excision’
68(68)
0-68-0-68
(13-49-6) / (39-29)
0-16
NR
0%
2.9% tonsillectomy re-bleed 1.5% disturbing scar
Prasad, 2014 (17)
RCS
‘surgical excision’
17 (34)
8-9-0-17
NR / (9-8)
NR
NR
NR
5.9% wound infection 5.9% wound gaping 5.9% neurological deficit
Spinnelli, 2015 (18)
RCS
Transverse cervical incision
39(50)
11-27-1-39
NR / (21-29)
Cyst 9.5 Fistula 5.1 Sinus 3.7
1-10 years
4%
0%
Kalra, 2017 (19) RCS ‘surgical excision’ 94 (94) 8-48-38-94 (24-62-8)/(70-24) 3m-14y NR 2.1% 4.2% wound infection