Binary data analysis
The status of cattle being on pasture and cattle salivating (Yes = 1, No = 0) are binary outcomes, and for this, binary logistic mixed models were used to analyse these data. As above, fixed effects for Treatment, Day, Treatment × Day, Age, Breed and Sex, and a random effect for Animal ID were included in the model. The model was fitted using the glmer function in the lme4 package of R (Bates et al., 2015), and model-based means obtained using the emmeans package.