3.1. End-to-end continuous process with total flow-through integrated polishing process
In this end-to-end continuous process, the mAb solution produced by perfusion cell culture was clarified by ATF and purified by Protein A chromatography all with pool-less direct connection. The obtained material was pooled for low pH virus inactivation, and this volume was taken as the batch. Finally, total flow-through integrated polishing was conducted in a pool-less direct connection as shown in Figure 1.