cDOM, tryptophan-like fluorescence, and absorption at 254nm |
Measures
fractions of organic matter and correlates with DOC and Total organic
Carbon (TOC) to understand c cycling |
(Spencer et al., 2009, Lee et
al., 2015) |
Chlorophyll a and Phycocyanin |
Represents processes of algae growth and
primary production |
(Chegoonian et al., 2022, Peipoch & Ensign,
2022) |
CO2/CH4 gas flux chambers |
Provides
direct measurements of GHG emitted from water surfaces |
(McClure et
al., 2021, Zheng et al., 2022) [(Duc et al., 2013, Maher et al.,
2019)] |
Dissolved CO2 / CH4
|
Dissolved GHG that
can be potentially emitted |
(Roberts et al., 2007, Crawford et al.,
2017) [(Butturini & Fonollosa, 2022)] |
Dissolved oxygen |
Primary production produces oxygen whilst respiration
consumes it. |
(Aspray et al., 2017, Mejia et al., 2018, Jankowski et
al., 2021) [(Chan et al., 2021)] |
Electrical conductivity |
Hydrological tracer within open system
calculations of river metabolism |
(Vieweg et al., 2016)
[(Mendez-Barroso et al., 2020)] |
Nitrate |
Primary production can serve as an important nitrate sink |
(Jarvie et al., 2018, Murray et al., 2020) |
pH |
Significant control on most biological processes, and influences
bicarbonate buffering system, thus dissolved CO2
|
(Hong
et al., 2021, Klemme et al., 2022) |
Turbidity |
Elevated turbidity/sedimentation can block sunlight to
primary producers, reducing primary production |
(Snyder et al., 2018,
Honious et al., 2022) [(Droujko et al., 2023)] |
Water level |
Indicates changes in flow, which influence the rates of
primary production and respiration |
(Bernhardt et al., 2022)
[(Bresnahan et al., 2023)] |
Water temperature |
Direct impact on gas solubility, metabolic rates
(primary production, respiration, methanogenesis).Warming can shift the
balance towards more CO2 and CH4 release
rather than uptake into biomass |
(Demars et al., 2011, Yvon-Durocher et
al., 2011) [(Hong et al., 2021)] |