2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this study, we only considered L. crocea in the mid-southern ECS (120°E to 126°E,25°N to 29°N) that have available data over long-term series. Also, we evaluated only overwintering distribution patterns and overwintering habitat suitability because they are strongly linked to the physiology fitness and survival rate during the juvenile and adult stages and corresponding climatic migration phase of L. crocea .