Figure S8. Optical design and ray diagram of NIR-LFC. NIR-LFC has been fully packaged by placing an objective lens in a certain position (BL , image sensor to objective lens distance) that covers the target object distance from 60 mm to 250 mm. Since the MLA project the objective lens image in LFC, an image-side depth-of-field of an objective lens and an object-side DoF of MLA are matched at position a from the MLA plane. a) The corresponding image-side depth-of-field range of objective lens are denoted bya + and a - planes (red dotted lines). Each of a+ anda- are determined by a thin lens equation of MLA focal length (fMLA ) and image plane distance (B ), as
\begin{equation} a^{-}=[\frac{1}{f_{\text{MLA}}}-\frac{1}{B}\left(1-\frac{s_{0}}{D_{\text{MLA}}}\right)]^{-1},\ \ a^{+}=[\frac{1}{f_{\text{MLA}}}-\frac{1}{B}\left(1+\frac{s_{0}}{D_{\text{MLA}}}\right)]^{-1}.\nonumber \\ \end{equation}
Note that s0 = min[sλ,p ] is the minimal size of a projected point that can be resolved with the image sensor. sλ and p denote the Airy disk and the pixel size, respectively. The optical design of NIR-LFC adopts a Keplerian imaging scheme, whose the image side DoF is generated in front of the image plane (IP) as positive signs (a >0). b) The object-side DoF and its corresponding DoF range, i.e., the maximum and minimum object position (AL +, black line andAL -, blue line) can be calculated using the thin lens equation of the object-side DoF range of MLA (a + and a -) andfOBJ .
\begin{equation} A_{L}^{-}=[\frac{1}{f_{\text{OBJ}}}-\frac{1}{\left(B_{L}-{(a}^{-}-B)\right)}]^{-1},A_{L}^{+}=[\frac{1}{f_{\text{OBJ}}}-\frac{1}{\left(B_{L}-{(a}^{+}-B)\right)}]^{-1}\nonumber \\ \end{equation}\begin{equation} \text{Do}F_{\text{LFC}}=A_{L}^{+}-A_{L}^{-}\nonumber \\ \end{equation}
The BL of NIR-LFC is determined to 3.539 mm that satisfying the target object distance. Note that thefOBJ is 3.04 mm, B is 100 μm, andfMLA and DMLA are 75 μm and 30 μm, respectively. c) Ray diagram of NIR-LFC at different incident angles, 0°, 15°, and 30°, from 200 mm target simulated by the ZEMAX®. The objective lens is located 2.939 mm from the MLA, which considers MLA thickness of 500 μm and B of 100 μm.