Simulations of RMS Cilia Array
A finite element method (FEM) analysis was conducted using Multiphysics software (COMSOL, Inc., Stockholm, Sweden) to verify the experimental results confirming the motion of the RMS cilia array in the fluid by an external magnetic field, the fluid flow generated by the motion, and the particle movement caused by the generated fluid flow. The FEM analysis was performed using the following process.
First, the AC/DC module was used for FEM analysis of the torque received by the RMS cilia array from the external magnetic field. In this study, a magnetic field of 0.02 T was applied to manipulate the cilium, which has a magnetization value of 68,608 A/m. Based on these values, the magnetic flux density in the cilium was calculated, and the force applied to the cilium was calculated using the Maxwell stress tensor.
Second, the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) module was used for the FEM analysis of cilia motion by an external magnetic field and the fluid flow generated by cilia motion. The modeled cilium was set as a nearly incompressible linear elastic material, and the force applied to the cilium was applied as the boundary load of the cilium in this module. At this time, the fluid flow in the channel according to the motion of the cilia was analyzed using incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for the velocity and pressure fields, and the channel wall was set as a no-slip condition.
Finally, the particle-tracing module was used to verify the motion tendency of the particles by the fluid flow generated by the RMS cilia array. The motion equation for each particle was calculated using Newton’s second law, considering the force applied to the particle by the fluid flow and drag force of the particle in the fluid.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (NRF-2021R1A2C3007817), and the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI) funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare (HI19C0642), Republic of Korea.
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