Mechanisms mediated by diet and microbiome
As we known, medicine and food are homology. The composition of
the gut microbiota following early-life antibiotic exposure affects host
health and longevity (97) due to an impaired immunity, increased insulin
resistance and inflammaging in later life. But metformin increases
lifespan by altering the gut microbiota and methionine metabolism (98).
As a part of diet, a high-throughput screening platform found that
host-microbe-drug-nutrient interactions improve health and longevity
through targeted the gut microbiome therapies (99). For example, the
interactions between the gut microbiome and vitamin D are associated
with better human health (100). In fact, microbiome interactions can
shape host fitness (such as development, fecundity, and lifespan) (101).
There are also interactions between the gut and the brain in
inflammation-associated diseases and their molecular and cellular
mechanisms link to sensing and communicating the levels of diet- and
microbiome-derived essential amino acids (EAAs) (102, 103). High dietary
fiber intake may improve maternal obesity-induced cognitive and social
dysfunctions (104) since microbiome associations with some traits (105),
such as age, dietary intake, and the specific gut microbiome can affect
social behaviours through discrete neuronal circuits that mediate stress
responses in the brain (106). These studies further confirm the novel
“brain-heart-gut” axis theory. Herein, healthy E(e)SEEDi lifestyle can
be adopted for the secondary prevention of eCVD and the primary
prevention of fCVD.