Unhealthy E(e)SEEDi Lifestyle, Gut Microbiome, and fCVD.
According to the novel theory of the “brain-heart-gut” axis, since the E(e)SEEDi highly links to the brain, heart, and cardiovascular system, unhealthy E(e)SEEDi lifestyle will result in fCVD and its major cerebrocardiovascular events (MCCVE) by playing a role in the gut microbiome and its metabolites. In contrast, healthy E(e)SEEDi lifestyle will prolong brain and cardiac aging and promote human longevity due to beneficial effects on the gut microbiome. Here, E: environment (external); e: environment (internal); S: sleep; E: emotion; E: exercise; D: diet; i: intervention. E(e)SEEDi: “environment-sleep-emotion-exercise-diet” intervention. fCVD: future cardiovascular disease. $/#/&: gut microbiota; o/*/▷: metabolites.
Table 1 Current major studies on axis and CVD in cardiovascular journals.