CURRENT MAJOR STUDIES ON AXIS AND CVD
Since Laragh JH reviewed the renin-aldosterone axis in cardiovascular system in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1985 (3), Bayes-Genis A, et al. reviewed the insulin-like growth factor axis on atherosclerosis and restenosis in 2000 (4), and the cardiorenal axis (Bush EW and McKinsey TA, 2010) (5) and the RAGE axis (6) (Yan SF, et al. 2010) on cardiovascular mechanisms were also reviewed. So far, there were many studies and some reviews on axis and CVD. It’s really a hot topic in life science and biomedicine. Here are summarized tables on major studies of axis and eCVD or fCVD in cardiovascular journals (7-24) and non-cardiovascular journals (25-42) (Table 1 & Table 2). However, exception of several reviews on “Brain-Gut-Bone Marrow Axis” (Santisteban MM, et al. 2016) (43) and “Heart-Brain Axis” (Tahsili-Fahadan P & Geocadin RG, 2017) (44), which involved in cardiovascular risk, the mechanisms and treatment, most of these studies, and reviews or comments just only involved in targeting these “branch axis” of eCVD (atherosclerosis, hypertension, and others), for example, the CCL2-CCR2 axis (Georgakis MK, et al. 2022; Crea F, 2022) (45, 46). Although there was a new theory on the artery-brain circuit (ABC) of atherosclerosis (Mohanta SK, et al. 202) (47), little is known about the novel “total axis” on the brain, heart, and the gut.