Introduction
Central nervous system (CNS) infections are a major cause of seizures worldwide. Infectious causes of convulsions vary according to geographical location. Nevertheless, globalization and international travel have broken the boundaries, so we can expect any infection to cause seizures in different parts of the world [1]. Bacterial meningitis, malaria, herpes simplex virus (HSV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, and neurocysticercosis are infectious etiologies of seizures. Nevertheless, their probability as the cause of seizures depends on the age and immunologic condition of the patient and geographical location [2]. Lyme disease is another infectious cause of seizures caused by the Spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi . The condition, known as neuroborreliosis, may occur at the early or late stages of this disease and can even be its first presentation. Other neurologic manifestations of borreliosis include cranial neuritis, facial palsy, radiculoneuritis, pseudotumor cerebri, myelitis, cerebellar ataxia and spastic paraparesis [3]. Lyme disease is rarely suspected as the cause of neurologic manifestations in Iran since most cases have been reported in America and Europe. Here, we present a case of neuroborreliosis with seizures as the first manifestation in a 55-year-old man.