Search Results
Among the 3275 records identified in the initial literature search, 2336
were assessed for their title and abstract after the removal of
duplicates (Figure A). The full text of 106 articles was assessed, and
six articles were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review,
which included 1074 preterm infants (four RCTs14-17,
one follow-up study of one RCT18, and one cohort
study19). The largest RCT was conducted in Germany,
and all other studies were conducted in the USA. The included studies
varied in the median gestational age (24.7–27.3 weeks), duration of
permissive hypercapnia (24 hr to 14 days), and target
CO2 range (45–55 to 55–65 mmHg for the permissive
hypercapnia group; 35–45 to 40–50 mmHg for the normocapnia group) as
shown in Table 1. All studies used invasive mechanical ventilation,
mainly intermittent positive pressure ventilation. The high-frequency
oscillation mode was used only when necessary and was reported in two
RCTs (Mariani 199914 and Thome 2015)17.