Heart rate
Five studies determined changes in offspring heart rate following ACS exposure. Three of these studies showed no difference in heart rate between ACS exposure and controls 1824 39. Two studies found an increase in heart rate in ACS exposed infants - one found that in the first 72 hours after birth, unexposed infants had lower mean peak heart rate than those were exposed to ACS, which the authors describe as clinically irrelevant 19. The other study showed that infants exposed to ACS had a higher heart rate response to a stress test (heel prick) than those who had not been exposed ACS 40.