2.4 The pathological classification of vocal cord leukoplakia
The pathological results after biopsy or surgery are the gold standard for the final diagnosis of vocal cord leukoplakia. According to the World Health Organization classification criteria (2005),6 vocal cord leukoplakia is classified into benign and malignant types: benign leukoplakia, which includes inflammation, simple hyperplasia, mild dysplasia, and moderate dysplasia, and malignant leukoplakia, which includes severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ , and invasive carcinoma.