GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale, NR: not reported, NPA: no prophylactic
antibiotics, NIHSS: National
Institute of Health stroke scale, PA: prophylactic antibiotics, IV:
intravenous.
a: mortality rate, b: pneumonia, c: incidence of infections, d: urinary
tract infections, e: the proportion of patients with a mRS ≤ 2, f: NIHSS
score, g: length of hospital stay, h: adverse events, Data are mean,
standard deviation (SD), or median, interquartile (IQR).
Table 2. Rating the certainty of evidence by GRADE criteria.