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\begin{document}

\title{Environmental Flows to Support Riparian Forest Galleries in the Middle
Rio Grande/Bravo Basin}



\author[1]{Maryam Samimi}%
\author[1]{Ali Mirchi}%
\author[1]{Tugba Yildirim}%
\author[2]{Daniel Moriasi}%
\author[1]{Sara Alian}%
\affil[1]{Oklahoma State University}%
\affil[2]{USDA-ARS}%


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  \date{June 18, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Providing environmental flows is challenging in the middle portion of
the Rio Grande/Bravo Basin (between Elephant Butte Reservoir in New
Mexico and Presidio, Texas) where water demand has continued to increase
over time despite limited river water and dropping groundwater levels.
Riparian ecosystems in this agriculture-dominated desert environment
will likely become more vulnerable as competition over scarce water
increases in the face of growing demand and dwindling supply. Little to
no water is allocated to riparian ecosystems unless water or water
rights are purchased or transferred to sustain those systems. Ongoing
debates about providing environmental flows for riparian forest
galleries in this water-scarce region have not been backed by
quantitative modeling results of potential impacts on surface water and
groundwater availability. We quantify water requirements to provide a
menu of options for environmental flow allocation to establish
cottonwood forest galleries. We apply hydrologic modeling under a
projected warm-dry future to determine the frequency of river water
availability for providing minimum environmental flows, and to evaluate
water budget tradeoffs associated with environmental flow allocations in
this region. Results inform water resources management decisions that
support riparian habitats.%
\end{abstract}%



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