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\begin{document}

\title{The 2021 Pacific Northwest heat wave and associated blocking:
meteorology and the role of an upstream cyclone as a diabatic source of
wave activity}



\author[1]{Emily Neal}%
\author[1]{Clare S. Y. Huang}%
\author[1]{Noboru Nakamura}%
\affil[1]{University of Chicago}%


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  \date{May 25, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
We investigate the meteorological and dynamical conditions that led to
the extreme heat in the Pacific Northwest from late June to early July
2021. The extreme heat was preceded by an upper-level atmospheric
blocking that snatched a warm pool of air from lower latitudes. A
heat-trapping stable stratification ensued within the block, raising the
surface temperatures significantly. An upper-tropospheric wave breaking
and the concomitant surface cyclogenesis off the coast of Alaska
initiated the block formation. The regional local wave activity budget
reveals that a localized diabatic source associated with this storm
critically contributed to the block by enhancing the zonal wave activity
flux downstream, whose convergence over Canada drove the blocking. A
simple model-based reconstruction predicts a 41 percent reduction in
strength and a 10-degree eastward displacement of the block when the
upstream diabatic source is reduced by just 30 percent.%
\end{abstract}%



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