Demographic data
All demographic data were accessed using the tidycensus package
in R (23). Decennial census data were assigned based on year: 2003–2009
data were assigned to the 2000 Census, and 2010–2019 data were assigned
to the 2010 Census. Ethnoracial groups were constructed using the
following categories: non-Hispanic Asian alone (Asian), non-Hispanic
Black alone (Black), Hispanic/Latino of any race (Latino), and
non-Hispanic white alone (white). Census population-weighted tract
centers of population were drawn from the census as well (24).