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\begin{document}

\title{Oxidative Potential and Chemical Characteristics of Ambient
PM\textsubscript{2.5} in Guangzhou, China}



\author[1]{Peng Cheng}%
\author[2]{Manman Zhang}%
\author[3]{Yongjie Li}%
\author[4]{Mingjin Tang}%
\author[1]{Wenda Yang}%
\author[1]{Cheng Wu}%
\author[5]{Jiayin Sun}%
\affil[1]{Jinan University}%
\affil[2]{Henan University of Chinese Medicine}%
\affil[3]{University of Macau}%
\affil[4]{Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry}%
\affil[5]{Jinan university}%


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  \date{June 18, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The dithiothreitol (DTT) assay is widely used to characterize the
Oxidation Potential (OP) of atmospheric particulate matter (PM), which
can cause adverse effects on human health. However, it's under debate
which chemical species determines the consumption rate of DTT. During
January and April 2018, we measured the improved DTT assay of daily
PM2.5 samples collected in Guangzhou, China with complimentary
measurements of water-soluble ions, organic/elemental carbon (OC/EC) and
metal elements. The average sampled air volume normalized consumption
rate of DTT (DTTv) was 4.67 \selectlanguage{ngerman}±1.06 and 4.45 ± 1.02 nmol min-1 m-3, in
January and April, respectively while the average PM2.5 mass normalized
consumption rate of DTT (DTTm) was 13.47 ± 3.86 and 14.66 ± 4.49 pmol
min-1 \selectlanguage{greek}μ\selectlanguage{english}g-1. Good correlations were found between DTTv and concentration
of PM2.5, OC, and EC while no correlation was found between DTTm and
concentrations of water-soluble ions, OC, EC or metal element, which is
consistent with most early observations. We also evaluated the
contribution of soluble metals to DTT assay by addition of EDTA, a
strong metal chelator. We found that nearly 90\% of DTTv and DTTm were
reduced by EDTA, suggesting a dominant role of soluble metals in
determining the response of DTT to ambient PM2.5. Based on responses of
DTT to soluble metals in literature, we found that Cu(II) and Mn(II) are
the major contributors to OP of PM2.5 in Guangzhou. The correlation
coefficient between DTTm and OC shows a clear increase after addition of
EDTA, implying that the response of DTT to quinones is not strongly
suppressed by EDTA.%
\end{abstract}%



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