Subgroup Factors Numbers of Study WMD (95% CI) WMD (95% CI) I2 (%) P value P for interaction
Study design 0.608
Multi-center 4 0.763(-3.80,5.32) 0.763(-3.80,5.32) 93.7 0.036
Single-center 6 -0.453(-1.32,0.41) -0.453(-1.32,0.41) 0.0 0.305
Follow up 0.823
<12 6 -0.95(-2.04,0.13) -0.95(-2.04,0.13) 46.6 0.085
≥12 4 0.73(-4.90,6.37) 0.73(-4.90,6.37) 91.1 0.799
ICE Sample size 0.145
>100 5 1.02(-1.96,4.0) 1.02(-1.96,4.0) 86.6 0.503
≤100 5 -1.59(-3.44,0.26) -1.59(-3.44,0.26) 69.3 0.092
Male proportion 0.437
<70 7 0.14(-1.96,2.25) 0.14(-1.96,2.25) 87.8 0.894
≥70 2 -1.24(-4.02,1.54) -1.24(-4.02,1.54) 35.0 0.381
Age cutoff 0.232
≥75 5 0.85(-2.28,3.98) 0.85(-2.28,3.98) 90.4 0.594
<75 4 -1.25(-2.67,0.17) -1.25(-2.67,0.17) 43.9 0.086
HT proportion 0.292
<90 4 -1.49(-2.87,-0.10) -1.49(-2.87,-0.10) 33.5 0.035
≥90 2 -1.39(-5.54,2.84) -1.39(-5.54,2.84) 87.5 0.455
PAF proportion 0.899
>50 1 -0.10(-2.75,2.55) -0.10(-2.75,2.55) - 0.941
≤50 4 -0.42(-4.54,3.71) -0.42(-4.54,3.71) 91.3 0.843
Devices type 0.259
Dual-seal mechanism 3 3.02(-1.08,7.12) 3.02(-1.08,7.12) 76.8 0.482
Single-seal mechanism 4 -0.87(-2.27,0.52) -0.87(-2.27,0.52) 0.00 0.670
Muti-seal mechanism 2 -3.49(-5.53,1.45) -3.49(-5.53,1.45) - 0.115