3.3.1 Total procedure time
A total of ten clinical studies provided the total procedural time, and the data on the total procedural time was similar between groups [WMD = -5.58;95%CI: -15.97,4.81; P =0.29][6-15]. Significant heterogeneity was observed (I² =96.4%) (Figure 5 ). Subgroup analysis was performed with a total of eight subgroup factors for total procedure time, and the results are displayed in Supplementary Table 2 . Interestingly, in the paroxysmal AF proportion ≥ 50% subgroup, the procedural time in the TEE group was shorten than in the ICE group (WMD: -12.08; 95% CI: 7.6–20.8; P = 0.000; I² = 98.2%). Sensitivity analysis showed that no significant change, ranging from-7.80 (95% CI: -18.72,3.11) to -1.35 (95% CI: -10.13,7.44), was detected in the overall combined proportion. Moreover, no publication bias was shown in Egger’s test(P =0.535).