Western blotting analysis
After treatment with PA and/or samples, the cells were harvested and lysed with radioimmunoprecipitation assay lysis buffer. Cells containing 10 μg of protein were separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels. The gels loaded with proteins were transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes, followed by blocking in skim milk. The membranes were incubated with primary antibody and kept at 4 °C overnight. Subsequently, the membrane was washed and mounted with the indicated secondary antibody based on the primary antibody for 1 h incubation. The membrane was imaged with a chemiluminescence solution in the dark and visualized by the Tanon 5200 automatic chemiluminescence imaging system (Shanghai Tianneng Technology Co., LTD, China). The intensities of proteins were calculated by ImageJ software.