Key results
APMCG-1 is precipitated by alkaline protease-assisted extract from
mountain-cultivated ginseng with 30% ethanol, which has a strong
scavenging effect on hydroxyl radicals. In palmitic acid-induced H9c2
cells, APMCG-1 greatly enhanced cell viability while reducing reactive
oxygen species generation and lactate dehydrogenase levels.
Additionally, it reduced endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial
dysfunction by increasing the Ca2+ level and membrane
potential of mitochondria in H9c2(2-1) cells. In C2C12 cells that had
been exposed to palmitic acid, APMCG-1 boosted glucose uptake while
lowering creatine kinase levels. More significantly, 5 days after
fertilization Tg (kdrl:EGFP) zebrafish and 1-month-old wild-type
zebrafish with type 2 diabetic symptoms both had lower blood sugar and
lipid levels attributed to APMCG-1. Further, APMCG-1 was identified as a
glycopeptide containing O-linked glycopeptide bonds.