*Means followed by different letters were significantly different by
Tukey’s Test at 5% probability
Fig. 1 . Adult plant of M. zehntneri with cephalium
(left) and details of cephalium containing mature fruit (right) used to
collect seeds for the experimental procedures. Original photos of JCC
and MFCM
Fig. 2 . Germination of seeds and color of seedlings ofMelocactus zehntneri under different wavelengths: Red (V); Blue
(A); Red and Blue (V+A) and; White (B).
Fig. 3. Germination (%) of seeds of Melocactus
zehntneri cultivated under different wavelengths and PPFDs source by
LEDs: Percentage of seed germination (A) (Different lowercase letters in
the same column indicate the effects of the wavelength and uppercase
letters indicate the effects of PPFDs on germination. Shapiro-Wilk
Normality Test = 0.36, Levene Test for Homoscedasticity = 0.71.
Coefficient of Variation = 13.2%. F-values for: wavelengths (10.81**),
PPFDs (4.86*), and Interaction (1.67 ns).
Significant at 5%(*) and 1%(**)
probability. ns, non-significant); speed germination index (GSI)
(Shapiro-Wilk Normality Test =
0.50, Levene Test for Homoscedasticity = 0.68. Coefficient of Variation
= 24.95%. F-values for: wavelengths (12.87**), PPFDs (4.42*), and
Interaction (2.05 ns). Significant at 5%(*) and 1%(**)
probability. Ns, non-significant); correlation between percentage
of seed germination and light PPFD (C) and speed germination average
under different LEDs wavelengths (D).
Fig. 4 . Germination percentage of seeds of Melocactus
zenhtnerii subjected to pre-treatment with Ethephon and to different
phytoregulators in the culture medium.
Shapiro-Wilk Normality Test =
0.857; Levene Test of Homoscedasticity = 0.7278. Coefficient of
Variation = 32.7%. F-values for phytoregulators (1.58 ns), ethephon
(11.37**), and Interaction (0.82 ns). Significant at 5%(*) and 1%(**)
probability. Ns, non-significant.
Fig. 5 . Average
germination speed (AGS) of Melocactus zehntneri seeds
cultivated under different wavelengths (Blue, Deep red, Red and Blue,
White) sourced by LEDs and photosynthetically photon flux densities
(PPFDs)
Fig. 6 – Germination Speed Index (GSI) of M. zenhtineriseeds subjected to different phytoregulators added to the culture media
and pre-treatment with Ethephon. Shapiro-Wilk Normality Test = 0.63;
Levene Test of Homoscedasticity = 0.0975. Coefficient of Variation =
28.3%. F-values for phytoregulators (2.75 ns), Ethephon (9.98**), and
Interaction (0.49 ns). Significant at 5%(*) and 1%(**)
probability. ns, non-significant.