2.1 Study design
In the present study, we utilized two-sample MR studies to evaluate the
causal relationship between sarcopenia and COVID-19. We chose four
measures of sarcopenia, which included appendicular lean mass (ASM),
left-hand grip strength (LH), right-hand grip strength (RH) and usual
walking pace (WP). For COVID-19, we selected COVID-19 infection,
COVID-19 hospitalization, severe COVID-19 as measures. Additionally,
that body mass index (BMI) as a confounding factor, IVs of WP adjusted
for BMI were used for further study of the causal connection between
COVID-19 and WP.