Figure 4. Results from the GWAS on dispersal phenotype for 2602 house sparrows, showing the negative logarithm of the p-value for 181,401 autosomal markers against their chromosomal position in the house sparrow genome. Markers on chromosome 16 were not on the genotyping array, and those markers located on the Z and W chromosomes or without a known position were not included in the GWAS. Sex was included as a fixed factor in the model, and hatch year, natal island, and GRM were included as random effects. One marker, SNPa105044 on chromosome 15, was associated with dispersal phenotype at a FWER of 0.05. This marker is 16 Kbp from ADORA2A in the house sparrow genome, and 22 Kbp from UPB1.