Conclusions
In this investigation, we conducted a whole-genome SNP analysis to investigate detailed kinships and identify potential biases among families. Our findings indicate that family bias might be associated with the age and timing of release. Additionally, the high proportion of siblings among the F0 cohort highlights the severely depleted genetic diversity of the natural population. We have also made novel contributions to the development of methods for characterizing detailed kinships in populations with extremely low genetic diversity, and we anticipate that our approach will prove beneficial for kinship estimation and genealogical analysis for other endangered species.
Acknowledgements
We thank the Shitara Dam Construction Office of the Chubu Regional Development Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan, for providing the data on the captive breeding, reintroduction, and reproduction program of T. ichikawai . This study was conducted as part of the endangered freshwater fishes conservation project by Shitara Dam Construction Office. We thank IDEA Consultants, Inc.; and Aichi Fisheries Research Institute, for sample collection. We are also grateful to Katsutoshi Watanabe, Yo Y. Yamasaki, Keisuke Onuki, Ryoya Yanada, Masato Kinoshita, Jinliang Wang, Thomas A. Delomas, and Jisca Huisman for their helpful comments. The authors declare no conflicts of interest associated with this manuscript.
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Table 1. Families of all 47 F2 individuals identified from the kinship analysis.