Family identification for F2 individuals and
reproductive bias
The families from which all 47 F2 individuals
originated, as determined from the kinship estimation, are shown in
Table 1. Thirteen, twenty-four, and thirty-seven F2individuals were identified as descendants of the A1, A2, and A3
families, respectively. The total number of F2individuals exceeds 47, since one F2 individual may have
originated from two families (maternal and paternal). Conversely, no
F2 individuals belonging to families other than those
named above were found. Thus, only three families were identified in
this study: A1, A2, and A3. Three family lineages, denoted as A1, A2,
and A3, were potentially implicated in the 35 F2individuals in the 2018 year-group, and kinship analysis revealed 13,
17, and 25 involvements, respectively. No significant reproductive bias
was detected among the lineages (Table S19). On the other hand, 12
individuals of the 2019 year-group showed significant reproductive bias,
with 0, 7, 12, 0, 0, and 0 involvement detected among six family
lineages, namely A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6A7A9.
We excluded two cases from our identification of families as they were
clearly false positives: UANN 190619-NN6-59 and F15A
(which would have indicated that 190619-NN6-59 was from the A6A7A9
family, but F1 in A6A7A9 could not be the parent of the
2018 year-group because of age), and GG between 190619-NN6-63 and f9A
(which would have indicated that 190619-NN6-63 was from the A17 family,
but an F1 individual of A17 could not be the parent of
the 2018 year-group because of age).