Substantial wealth of knowledge about anaerobic fungi has accumulated in
recent years, which may guide the attention of the
biotechnology-oriented scientists towards the possible exploitation of
their fascinating capabilities. Very efficient, unique and complex
enzyme systems of anaerobic fungi play determining role in the
conversion of lignocellulosic fodder to milk and meat in mammalian
herbivores. Mitigation of the concomitant greenhouse gas emission by
ruminants is a major environmental, climate change issue. In turn,
controlled management of the inter-kingdom syntrophic co-operations
among the eukaryotic anaerobic fungi, bacteria and archaea can lead to
the production of valuable bio-fuels, e.g. bio-methane, bio-hydrogen,
bio-ethanol, and organic acids, the latter could serve as building
blocks in numerous biosynthetic processes in circular bioeconomy.