References:
1. Nevel, R.J., et al., The US national registry for childhood interstitial and diffuse lung disease: Report of study design and initial enrollment cohort. Pediatric Pulmonology, 2023.
2. Aziz, Z.A., et al., HRCT diagnosis of diffuse parenchymal lung disease: inter-observer variation. Thorax, 2004. 59 (6): p. 506-11.
3. Nicholson, A.G., et al., Inter-observer variation between pathologists in diffuse parenchymal lung disease. Thorax, 2004.59 (6): p. 500-5.
4. Thomeer, M., et al., Multidisciplinary interobserver agreement in the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J, 2008.31 (3): p. 585-91.
5. Flaherty, K.R., et al., Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: what is the effect of a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis? Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2004. 170 (8): p. 904-10.
6. Flaherty, K.R., et al., Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: do community and academic physicians agree on diagnosis? Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2007. 175 (10): p. 1054-60.
7. Jo, H.E., et al., Clinical impact of the interstitial lung disease multidisciplinary service. Respirology, 2016. 21 (8): p. 1438-1444.
8. Chaudhuri, N., et al., A Review of the Multidisciplinary Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Retrospective Analysis in a Single UK Specialist Centre. J Clin Med, 2016. 5 (8).
9. Furini, F., et al., The Role of the Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Interstitial Lung Diseases: Systematic Literature Review of the Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Front Med (Lausanne), 2019. 6 : p. 246.
10. Nathan, N., et al., Diagnostic workup of childhood interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir Rev, 2023. 32 (167).
11. Tangye, S.G., et al., Human Inborn Errors of Immunity: 2022 Update on the Classification from the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee. Journal of Clinical Immunology, 2022. 42 (7): p. 1473-1507.
12. Costagliola, G., D.G. Peroni, and R. Consolini, Beyond Infections: New Warning Signs for Inborn Errors of Immunity in Children. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2022. 10 .
13. Walter, J.E., et al., Advances and Challenges of the Decade: The Ever-Changing Clinical and Genetic Landscape of Immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 2023. 11 (1): p. 107-115.
14. Long, A., A. Kleiner, and R.J. Looney, Immune dysregulation.J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2023. 151 (1): p. 70-80.
15. Sogkas, G. and T. Witte, The link between rheumatic disorders and inborn errors of immunity. EBioMedicine, 2023. 90 : p. 104501.
16. Jesenak, M., et al., Pulmonary manifestations of primary immunodeficiency disorders in children. Front Pediatr, 2014.2 : p. 77.
17. Gutierrez, M.J., et al., The lung in inborn errors of immunity: From clinical disease patterns to molecular pathogenesis. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2022. 150 (6): p. 1314-1324.
18. Kim, J.H., et al., Aged polymorphonuclear leukocytes cause fibrotic interstitial lung disease in the absence of regulation by B cells. Nat Immunol, 2018. 19 (2): p. 192-201.
19. Bouma, G., et al., Recent advances in the understanding of genetic defects of neutrophil number and function. Br J Haematol, 2010.151 (4): p. 312-26.
20. Trapnell, B.C., et al., Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 2019. 5 (1): p. 16.
21. Chase, N.M., et al., Use of combination chemotherapy for treatment of granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). J Clin Immunol, 2013. 33 (1): p. 30-9.
22. Wobma, H., et al., Genetic diagnosis of immune dysregulation can lead to targeted therapy for interstitial lung disease: A case series and single center approach. Pediatric Pulmonology, 2022.57 (7): p. 1577-1587.
23. Wobma, H., et al., Dysregulation of the cGAS-STING Pathway in Monogenic Autoinflammation and Lupus. Front Immunol, 2022. 13 : p. 905109.
24. Wobma, H. and E. Janssen, Expanding IPEX: Inborn Errors of Regulatory T Cells. Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America, 2023.Online ahead of print .
25. Zulian, F., et al., The Pediatric Rheumatology European Society/American College of Rheumatology/European League against Rheumatism provisional classification criteria for juvenile systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum, 2007. 57 (2): p. 203-12.
26. Torok, K.S., Updates in Systemic Sclerosis Treatment and Applicability to Pediatric Scleroderma. Rheum Dis Clin North Am, 2021.47 (4): p. 757-780.
27. Foeldvari, I., et al., Characteristics of patients with juvenile onset systemic sclerosis in an adult single-center cohort. J Rheumatol, 2010. 37 (11): p. 2422-6.
28. Scalapino, K., et al., Childhood onset systemic sclerosis: classification, clinical and serologic features, and survival in comparison with adult onset disease. J Rheumatol, 2006. 33 (5): p. 1004-13.
29. Young, A. and D. Khanna, Systemic sclerosis: commonly asked questions by rheumatologists. J Clin Rheumatol, 2015. 21 (3): p. 149-55.
30. Martini, G., et al., Factors affecting survival in juvenile systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2009. 48 (2): p. 119-22.
31. Rabinovich, C.E., Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of juvenile systemic sclerosis. Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2011. 7 (11): p. 676-80.
32. Ambartsumyan, L., et al., Relationship Between Esophageal Abnormalities on Fluoroscopic Esophagram and Pulmonary Function Testing in Juvenile Systemic Sclerosis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2019.71 (11): p. 1444-1449.
33. Hetlevik, S.O., et al., Pulmonary Manifestations and Progression of Lung Disease in Juvenile-onset Mixed Connective Tissue Disease. J Rheumatol, 2019. 46 (1): p. 93-100.
34. Solomon, J.J., et al., Scleroderma lung disease. Eur Respir Rev, 2013. 22 (127): p. 6-19.
35. Foeldvari, I., et al., Underdetection of Interstitial Lung Disease in Juvenile Systemic Sclerosis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2022. 74 (3): p. 364-370.
36. Seely, J.M., et al., Systemic sclerosis: using high-resolution CT to detect lung disease in children. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 1998.170 (3): p. 691-7.
37. Leslie, K.O., S. Trahan, and J. Gruden, Pulmonary pathology of the rheumatic diseases. Semin Respir Crit Care Med, 2007.28 (4): p. 369-78.
38. Tashkin, D.P., et al., Cyclophosphamide versus placebo in scleroderma lung disease. N Engl J Med, 2006. 354 (25): p. 2655-66.
39. Tashkin, D.P., et al., Mycophenolate mofetil versus oral cyclophosphamide in scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease (SLS II): a randomised controlled, double-blind, parallel group trial.Lancet Respir Med, 2016. 4 (9): p. 708-719.
40. Roofeh, D., et al., Tocilizumab Prevents Progression of Early Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease. Arthritis Rheumatol, 2021. 73 (7): p. 1301-1310.
41. Distler, O., et al., Nintedanib for Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease. N Engl J Med, 2019.380 (26): p. 2518-2528.
42. van Laar, J.M., et al., Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation vs intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 2014.311 (24): p. 2490-8.
43. Sullivan, K.M., et al., Myeloablative Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation for Severe Scleroderma. N Engl J Med, 2018.378 (1): p. 35-47.
44. Kowal-Bielecka, O., et al., Update of EULAR recommendations for the treatment of systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis, 2017.76 (8): p. 1327-1339.
45. Foeldvari, I., et al., Consensus-based recommendations for the management of juvenile systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2021.60 (4): p. 1651-1658.
46. Mendez, E.P., et al., US incidence of juvenile dermatomyositis, 1995-1998: results from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Registry. Arthritis Rheum, 2003. 49 (3): p. 300-5.
47. Oddis, C.V., et al., Incidence of polymyositis-dermatomyositis: a 20-year study of hospital diagnosed cases in Allegheny County, PA 1963-1982. J Rheumatol, 1990.17 (10): p. 1329-34.
48. Symmons, D.P., J.A. Sills, and S.M. Davis, The incidence of juvenile dermatomyositis: results from a nation-wide study. Br J Rheumatol, 1995. 34 (8): p. 732-6.
49. Pachman, L.M., et al., Duration of illness is an important variable for untreated children with juvenile dermatomyositis. J Pediatr, 2006. 148 (2): p. 247-53.
50. Lundberg, I.E., M. de Visser, and V.P. Werth, Classification of myositis. Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2018. 14 (5): p. 269-278.
51. Pouessel, G., et al., The lung is involved in juvenile dermatomyositis. Pediatr Pulmonol, 2013. 48 (10): p. 1016-25.
52. Richardson, A.E., K. Warrier, and H. Vyas, Respiratory complications of the rheumatological diseases in childhood. Arch Dis Child, 2016. 101 (8): p. 752-8.
53. Kobayashi, N., et al., Clinical and laboratory features of fatal rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease associated with juvenile dermatomyositis. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2015. 54 (5): p. 784-91.
54. Sato, S., et al., Clinical analysis and outcome of interstitial lung disease complicated with juvenile dermatomyositis and juvenile polymyositis. Mod Rheumatol, 2017. 27 (4): p. 652-656.
55. Kobayashi, I., et al., Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody is a diagnostic and predictive marker for interstitial lung diseases associated with juvenile dermatomyositis. J Pediatr, 2011. 158 (4): p. 675-7.
56. Sato, S., Kobayashi, N, Yamazaki, K, Suzuki, Y., Clinical utility of anti-CADM-140/melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 autoantibody titres in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis and rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease [Abstract 292].American College of Rheumatology 76th Annual Meeting, 2012.
57. Sabbagh, S., et al., Anti-Ro52 autoantibodies are associated with interstitial lung disease and more severe disease in patients with juvenile myositis. Ann Rheum Dis, 2019. 78 (7): p. 988-995.
58. Tansley, S.L., et al., Anti-MDA5 autoantibodies in juvenile dermatomyositis identify a distinct clinical phenotype: a prospective cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther, 2014. 16 (4): p. R138.
59. Yamaguchi, K., et al., Clinical features of patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis complicated by spontaneous pneumomediastinum. Clin Rheumatol, 2019. 38 (12): p. 3443-3450.
60. Yeung, T.W., et al., Adolescent-onset anti-MDA5 antibody-positive juvenile dermatomyositis with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease and spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a case report and literature review. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J, 2021.19 (1): p. 103.
61. Fathi, M., I.E. Lundberg, and G. Tornling, Pulmonary complications of polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med, 2007. 28 (4): p. 451-8.
62. Yoshifuji, H., et al., Anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase antibodies in clinical course prediction of interstitial lung disease complicated with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Autoimmunity, 2006. 39 (3): p. 233-41.
63. Trapani, S., et al., Pulmonary involvement in juvenile dermatomyositis: a two-year longitudinal study. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2001. 40 (2): p. 216-20.
64. George, M.D., et al., Pulmonary function tests, interstitial lung disease and lung function decline in outpatients with classic and clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis. Br J Dermatol, 2017.176 (1): p. 262-264.
65. Marstein, H., et al., Novel associations between cytokines and pulmonary involvement in juvenile dermatomyositis - a cross-sectional study of long-term disease. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2020.59 (8): p. 1862-1870.
66. Mathiesen, P.R., et al., Pulmonary function and autoantibodies in a long-term follow-up of juvenile dermatomyositis patients.Rheumatology (Oxford), 2014. 53 (4): p. 644-9.
67. Pacot, L., et al., Interstitial Lung Disease-Complicated Anti-MDA5 Antibody in Clinically Amyopathic Dermatomyositis Patients: Report of Two Cases With Distinct Clinical Features. Front Med (Lausanne), 2020. 7 : p. 77.
68. Bonnefoy, O., et al., Serial chest CT findings in interstitial lung disease associated with polymyositis-dermatomyositis. Eur J Radiol, 2004. 49 (3): p. 235-44.
69. Cottin, V., et al., Interstitial lung disease in amyopathic dermatomyositis, dermatomyositis and polymyositis. Eur Respir J, 2003.22 (2): p. 245-50.
70. Fata, F., et al., Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia as the first manifestation of polymyositis. South Med J, 1997. 90 (2): p. 227-30.
71. Hsue, Y.T., H.E. Paulus, and W.F. Coulson, Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in polymyositis. A case report with longterm survival. J Rheumatol, 1993. 20 (5): p. 877-9.
72. Ito, M., et al., Clinico-laboratory characteristics of patients with dermatomyositis accompanied by rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. Clin Rheumatol, 1999. 18 (6): p. 462-7.
73. Lee, C.S., et al., Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy with diffuse alveolar damage. Clin Rheumatol, 2002. 21 (5): p. 391-6.
74. Marie, I., et al., Interstitial lung disease in polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheum, 2002. 47 (6): p. 614-22.
75. Selva-O’Callaghan, A., et al.,Polymyositis/dermatomyositis-associated lung disease: analysis of a series of 81 patients. Lupus, 2005. 14 (7): p. 534-42.
76. Tazelaar, H.D., et al., Interstitial lung disease in polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Clinical features and prognosis as correlated with histologic findings. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1990.141 (3): p. 727-33.
77. Al-Mayouf, S.M., et al., Interstitial pneumonitis and air leakage in juvenile dermatomyositis. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2001.40 (5): p. 588-90.
78. Huber, A.M., et al., Protocols for the initial treatment of moderately severe juvenile dermatomyositis: results of a Children’s Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Consensus Conference.Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2010. 62 (2): p. 219-25.
79. Kobayashi, I., et al., Interstitial lung disease associated with juvenile dermatomyositis: clinical features and efficacy of cyclosporin A. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2003. 42 (2): p. 371-4.
80. Romero-Bueno, F., et al., Recommendations for the treatment of anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-positive dermatomyositis-associated rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. Semin Arthritis Rheum, 2020. 50 (4): p. 776-790.
81. Selva-O’Callaghan, A., et al., Pharmacologic Treatment of Anti-MDA5 Rapidly Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease. Curr Treatm Opt Rheumatol, 2021. 7 (4): p. 319-333.
82. Chan Ng, P.L.P., et al., Janus kinase inhibition in induction treatment of anti-MDA5 juvenile dermatomyositis-associated rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. Int J Rheum Dis, 2022.25 (2): p. 228-231.
83. Sabbagh, S., et al., Treatment of anti-MDA5 autoantibody-positive juvenile dermatomyositis using tofacitinib.Brain, 2019. 142 (11): p. e59.
84. Yu, Z., et al., Successful management with Janus kinase inhibitor tofacitinib in refractory juvenile dermatomyositis: a pilot study and literature review. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2021.60 (4): p. 1700-1707.
85. Aggarwal, A. and P. Srivastava, Childhood onset systemic lupus erythematosus: how is it different from adult SLE? International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases, 2015. 18 (2): p. 182-191.
86. Hiraki, L.T., et al., Ethnic Differences in Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. The Journal of Rheumatology, 2009.36 (11): p. 2539-2546.
87. Livingston, B., A. Bonner, and J. Pope, Differences in clinical manifestations between childhood-onset lupus and adult-onset lupus: a meta-analysis. Lupus, 2011. 20 (13): p. 1345-55.
88. Lilleby, V., et al., Pulmonary involvement in patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 2006.24 (2): p. 203-8.
89. Delgado, E.A., et al., The pulmonary manifestations of childhood onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Arthritis Rheum, 1990. 19 (5): p. 285-93.
90. Blay, G., et al., Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a severe disease flare with serious outcome. Adv Rheumatol, 2018. 58 (1): p. 39.
91. Singla, S., et al., Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage as a Manifestation of Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Hosp Pediatr, 2016. 6 (8): p. 496-500.
92. Ednalino, C., J. Yip, and S.E. Carsons, Systematic Review of Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Focus on Outcome and Therapy. J Clin Rheumatol, 2015. 21 (6): p. 305-10.
93. Sun, Y., et al., Systemic lupus erythematosus-associated diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: a single-center, matched case-control study in China. Lupus, 2020. 29 (7): p. 795-803.
94. Al-Adhoubi, N.K. and J. Bystrom, Systemic lupus erythematosus and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, etiology and novel treatment strategies. Lupus, 2020. 29 (4): p. 355-363.
95. Panagopoulos, P., et al., Natural history and screening of interstitial lung disease in systemic autoimmune rheumatic disorders.Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis, 2021. 13 : p. 1759720X211037519.
96. Baisya, R., et al., Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia as the pulmonary manifestation of lupus: A review of three cases. Lupus, 2021. 30 (2): p. 336-341.
97. Eisenberg, H., et al., Diffuse interstitial lung disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Intern Med, 1973. 79 (1): p. 37-45.
98. Pertschuk, L.P., et al., Acute pulmonary complications in systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunofluorescence and light microscopic study. Am J Clin Pathol, 1977. 68 (5): p. 553-7.
99. Toyoda, Y., et al., Clinical features of interstitial pneumonia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Respir Investig, 2019. 57 (5): p. 435-443.
100. ter Borg, E.J., et al., Clinical associations of antiribonucleoprotein antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Arthritis Rheum, 1990. 20 (3): p. 164-73.
101. Lim, S.W., et al., Rituximab use in systemic lupus erythematosus pneumonitis and a review of current reports. Intern Med J, 2006. 36 (4): p. 260-2.
102. Nawata, M., et al., Severe pulmonary arterial hypertension and interstitial pneumonia related to systemic lupus erythematosus successfully treated with mycophenolate mofetil: A novel case report.Lupus, 2020. 29 (14): p. 1955-1960.
103. Okada, M., et al., Intermittent intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse therapy for the treatment of active interstitial lung disease associated with collagen vascular diseases. Mod Rheumatol, 2007.17 (2): p. 131-6.
104. Parperis, K., et al., Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci, 2023. 24 (6).
105. Platt, C., et al., Pulmonary hypertension in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a case series. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 2023.41 (9): p. 1934-1939.
106. Chen, Y.J., Y.J. Lin, and M.M. Guo, Pediatric Lupus Presenting as Pulmonary Hypertension, Myocarditis, and Massive Pericardial Effusion in an 11-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report and Literature Review. Front Pediatr, 2022. 10 : p. 772422.
107. Aithala, R., A.G. Alex, and D. Danda, Pulmonary hypertension in connective tissue diseases: an update. Int J Rheum Dis, 2017.20 (1): p. 5-24.
108. Burns, N.S., A.M. Stevens, and R.S. Iyer, Shrinking lung syndrome complicating pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Pediatr Radiol, 2014. 44 (10): p. 1318-22.
109. Henderson, L.A., et al., Shrinking lung syndrome as a manifestation of pleuritis: a new model based on pulmonary physiological studies. J Rheumatol, 2013. 40 (3): p. 273-81.
110. Veiga, C.S., et al., Subclinical pulmonary abnormalities in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Lupus, 2016.25 (6): p. 645-51.
111. Cerveri, I., et al., Pulmonary function in children with systemic lupus erythematosus. Thorax, 1996. 51 (4): p. 424-8.
112. Bowyer, S. and P. Roettcher, Pediatric rheumatology clinic populations in the United States: results of a 3 year survey. Pediatric Rheumatology Database Research Group. J Rheumatol, 1996.23 (11): p. 1968-74.
113. Kasukawa R, T.T., Miyawaki S, Yoshida H, Tanimoto K, Nobunaga M et al, Preliminary Diagnostic Criteria for Classification of Mixed Connective Tissue Disease , in Mixed Connective Tissue Disease and Antinuclear Antibodies , R. Kasukawa and G. Sharp, Editors. 1987, Elsevier: Amsterdam. p. 41- 47.
114. Sharp, G.C., et al., Mixed connective tissue disease–an apparently distinct rheumatic disease syndrome associated with a specific antibody to an extractable nuclear antigen (ENA). Am J Med, 1972. 52 (2): p. 148-59.
115. Sullivan, W.D., et al., A prospective evaluation emphasizing pulmonary involvement in patients with mixed connective tissue disease.Medicine (Baltimore), 1984. 63 (2): p. 92-107.
116. Gunnarsson, R., et al., Prevalence and severity of interstitial lung disease in mixed connective tissue disease: a nationwide, cross-sectional study. Ann Rheum Dis, 2012.71 (12): p. 1966-72.
117. Reiseter, S., et al., Progression and mortality of interstitial lung disease in mixed connective tissue disease: a long-term observational nationwide cohort study. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2018. 57 (2): p. 255-262.
118. Hajas, A., et al., Clinical course, prognosis, and causes of death in mixed connective tissue disease. J Rheumatol, 2013.40 (7): p. 1134-42.
119. Kawano-Dourado, L., et al., Pulmonary involvement in long-term mixed connective tissue disease: functional trends and image findings after 10 years. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 2015. 33 (2): p. 234-40.
120. Mier, R.J., et al., Pediatric-onset mixed connective tissue disease. Rheum Dis Clin North Am, 2005. 31 (3): p. 483-96, vii.
121. Bartholomeo, A., et al., Pulmonary manifestations of childhood-onset primary Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) masquerading as reactive airways disease in a male patient and review of interstitial lung disease associated with SS. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J, 2022.20 (1): p. 101.
122. Tomiita, M., et al., The clinical features of Sjögren’s syndrome in Japanese children. Acta Paediatr Jpn, 1997. 39 (2): p. 268-72.
123. Vermylen, C., et al., Sjögren’s syndrome in a child. Eur J Pediatr, 1985. 144 (3): p. 266-9.
124. Houghton, K.M., et al., Primary Sjögren’s syndrome in dizygotic adolescent twins: one case with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia. J Rheumatol, 2005. 32 (8): p. 1603-6.
125. Anaya, J.M., N. Ogawa, and N. Talal, Sjögren’s syndrome in childhood. J Rheumatol, 1995. 22 (6): p. 1152-8.
126. Shetty, A.K. and A. Gedalia, Childhood sarcoidosis: A rare but fascinating disorder. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J, 2008. 6 : p. 16.
127. Milman, N., A.L. Hoffmann, and K.E. Byg, Sarcoidosis in children. Epidemiology in Danes, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Acta Paediatr, 1998. 87 (8): p. 871-8.
128. Nathan, N., et al., Lung sarcoidosis in children: update on disease expression and management. Thorax, 2015. 70 (6): p. 537-42.
129. Baculard, A., et al., Pulmonary sarcoidosis in children: a follow-up study. Eur Respir J, 2001. 17 (4): p. 628-35.
130. Sileo, C., et al., Sarcoidosis in children: HRCT findings and correlation with pulmonary function tests. Pediatr Pulmonol, 2014.49 (12): p. 1223-33.
131. Alba, M.A., et al., Interstital lung disease in ANCA vasculitis. Autoimmun Rev, 2017. 16 (7): p. 722-729.
132. James, K.E., et al., Clinical course and outcomes of childhood-onset granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 2017. 35 Suppl 103 (1): p. 202-208.
133. Lawton, A., et al., Pulmonary manifestations of systemic vasculitis in childhood. Breathe (Sheff), 2020. 16 (4): p. 200211.
134. Ozen, S., et al., EULAR/PRINTO/PRES criteria for Henoch-Schönlein purpura, childhood polyarteritis nodosa, childhood Wegener granulomatosis and childhood Takayasu arteritis: Ankara 2008. Part II: Final classification criteria. Ann Rheum Dis, 2010.69 (5): p. 798-806.
135. Rottem, M., et al., Wegener granulomatosis in children and adolescents: clinical presentation and outcome. J Pediatr, 1993.122 (1): p. 26-31.
136. Filocamo, G., et al., Lung involvement in childhood onset granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J, 2017.15 (1): p. 28.
137. Cabral, D.A., et al., Classification, presentation, and initial treatment of Wegener’s granulomatosis in childhood. Arthritis Rheum, 2009. 60 (11): p. 3413-24.
138. Sayad, E., et al., Pulmonary manifestations and outcomes in paediatric ANCA-associated vasculitis: a single-centre experience.Rheumatology (Oxford), 2021. 60 (7): p. 3199-3208.
139. Ben Ameur, S., et al., Lung manifestations in MPO-ANCA associated vasculitides in children. Pediatr Pulmonol, 2014.49 (3): p. 285-90.
140. de Graeff, N., et al., European consensus-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of rare paediatric vasculitides - the SHARE initiative. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2019.58 (4): p. 656-671.
141. Morishita, K.A., et al., Consensus Treatment Plans for Severe Pediatric Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis.Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2022. 74 (9): p. 1550-1558.
142. Stone, J.H., et al., Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide for ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med, 2010. 363 (3): p. 221-32.
143. Jones, R.B., et al., Mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclophosphamide for remission induction in ANCA-associated vasculitis: a randomised, non-inferiority trial. Ann Rheum Dis, 2019.78 (3): p. 399-405.
144. Jayne, D.R.W., et al., Avacopan for the Treatment of ANCA-Associated Vasculitis. N Engl J Med, 2021. 384 (7): p. 599-609.
145. Cohen Tervaert, J.W., Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated vasculitis. Curr Opin Rheumatol, 2018. 30 (4): p. 388-394.
146. Jayne, D., et al., A randomized trial of maintenance therapy for vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies. N Engl J Med, 2003. 349 (1): p. 36-44.
147. Pagnoux, C., et al., Azathioprine or methotrexate maintenance for ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med, 2008. 359 (26): p. 2790-803.
148. Guillevin, L., et al., Rituximab versus azathioprine for maintenance in ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med, 2014.371 (19): p. 1771-80.
149. Lee, J.J.Y. and R. Schneider, Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Pediatr Clin North Am, 2018. 65 (4): p. 691-709.
150. Behrens, E.M., et al., Occult macrophage activation syndrome in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol, 2007. 34 (5): p. 1133-8.
151. Minoia, F., et al., Dissecting the heterogeneity of macrophage activation syndrome complicating systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol, 2015. 42 (6): p. 994-1001.
152. Ravelli, A., et al., 2016 Classification Criteria for Macrophage Activation Syndrome Complicating Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology/Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation Collaborative Initiative. Arthritis Rheumatol, 2016. 68 (3): p. 566-76.
153. Kimura, Y., et al., Pulmonary hypertension and other potentially fatal pulmonary complications in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2013.65 (5): p. 745-52.
154. Saper, V.E., et al., Severe delayed hypersensitivity reactions to IL-1 and IL-6 inhibitors link to common HLA-DRB1*15 alleles. Ann Rheum Dis, 2022. 81 (3): p. 406-415.
155. Schulert, G.S., et al., Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Lung Disease: Characterization and Risk Factors.Arthritis Rheumatol, 2019. 71 (11): p. 1943-1954.
156. Saper, V.E., et al., Emergent high fatality lung disease in systemic juvenile arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis, 2019. 78 (12): p. 1722-1731.
157. Wobma, H., et al., Incidence and Risk Factors for Eosinophilia and Lung Disease in Biologic-Exposed Children With Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2023.75 (10): p. 2063-2072.
158. Huang, Y., et al., Disease course, treatments, and outcomes of children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated lung disease (SJIA-LD). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2023.
159. Wobma, H., et al., Incidence and Risk Factors for Eosinophilia and Lung Disease in Biologic-Exposed Children With Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2023.
160. Lerman, A.M., et al., HLA-DRB1*15 and Eosinophilia Are Common Among Patients With Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2023.
161. Binstadt, B.A. and P.A. Nigrovic, The Conundrum of Lung Disease and Drug Hypersensitivity-like Reactions in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol, 2022. 74 (7): p. 1122-1131.
162. Wobma, H., et al., Development of a Screening Algorithm for Lung Disease in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. ACR Open Rheumatol, 2023.
163. Bader-Meunier, B., et al., Effectiveness and safety of ruxolitinib for the treatment of refractory systemic idiopathic juvenile arthritis like associated with interstitial lung disease : a case report. Ann Rheum Dis, 2022. 81 (2): p. e20.
164. Onel, K.B., et al., 2021 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Therapeutic Approaches for Oligoarthritis, Temporomandibular Joint Arthritis, and Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol, 2022. 74 (4): p. 553-569.
165. Zekre, F., et al., Rescue of Pap-Mas in Systemic JIA Using Janus Kinase Inhibitors, Case Report and Systematic Review. J Clin Med, 2023. 12 (7).
166. Verweyen, E.L. and G.S. Schulert, Interfering with interferons: targeting the JAK-STAT pathway in complications of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA). Rheumatology (Oxford), 2022.61 (3): p. 926-935.
167. Chellapandian, D. and D. Milojevic, Case report: Emapalumab for active disease control prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in refractory systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis complicated by macrophage activation syndrome. Front Pediatr, 2023.11 : p. 1123104.
168. Horne, A., et al., Efficacy of moderately dosed etoposide in macrophage activation syndrome - hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (MAS-HLH). The Journal of Rheumatology, 2021: p. jrheum.200941.
169. Rood, J.E., et al., Improvement of Refractory Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Lung Disease with Single-Agent Blockade of IL-1β and IL-18. J Clin Immunol, 2023. 43 (1): p. 101-108.
170. Davidson, N., et al., Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant for Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Macrophage Activation Syndrome. Case Rep Rheumatol, 2021. 2021 : p. 9323141.
171. K. Mogren, S.K.W., K. Krone, M.P. Fishman, A.M.H. Casey,Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease in a Large Tertiary Care Center: Implications of a Family Needs Assessment Survey. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2018: p. 198:A6319.