3.1. Brain morphometric volume
The most agreed-upon brain sexual difference is that both infant and adolescent males have larger total brain volume than females. A post-mortem study of mature neonates has shown that there is no significant difference in mean brain weight between males and females (Lenroot RK et al., 2007). Other studies reported that total brain volume (TBV), intracranial volume (ICV), and intracranial cavity (ICC) were larger in male than female infants (Knickmeyer RC et al, 2008; Knickmeyer RC et al, 2018; Wang S et al., 2018). Additionally, sex was found to be a significant factor in determining the total surface area of the brain, with a larger cortical surface area (Li G et al., 2013; Jha SC et al., 2018) and brain width in male than female infants by roughly 5% (Baibakov SE and Fedorov VP, 2010). Furthermore, Villa et al. have demonstrated a faster TBV growth rate in male than female infants during the perinatal period (Villa LM et al., 2021), with consistent results in infancy (Holland D. et al., 2014). In addition, morphometric analysis of infants’ ventricles showed that male infants demonstrated 4.5% greater anterior-posterior size of lateral ventricles, and 24.2% greater height of the fourth ventricle compared to female infants (Baibakov SE and Fedorov VP, 2010). On the other hand, larger lateral ventricles (Gilmore JH et al., 2004), and a 16.9% increase in the fourth ventricle length were reported in female compared to male infants (Baibakov SE and Fedorov VP, 2010)..