Background: In Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), pediatric cancer represents a significant cause of death, with Leukemia being the most common malignancy in children. Our purpose was to describe AL profile in Senegal in the context of childhood cancer. Procedure: All data about childhood cancer were registered in Redcap software A global database for epidemiological history of all new patient that visited the pediatric -oncology care center of Dakar and eight other specifics databases for each main cancers had been created (Acute Leukemias, Nephroblastomas, Retinoblastomas, Neuroblastomas, Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, Hodgkin lymphomas, Rhabdomyosarcomas …….). Results : From January 2 nd 2021 to September 30 th2022, the overall number of childhood cancer cases was 357; which amounts to approximatively 204 children with confirmed cancer per year. The most common cancer found among children was Acute Leukemia (AL) which represents about 30% of all cancers (97 patients). A median age of 60 month and a ratio of males to females diagnosed with AL equal to 1.22 were found. Complete Blood cell Count and examination performed found that the main abnormality were hyperleukocytosis, with a mean number of white blood cells of 67.7g/L. Microscopic examination showed a large amount of blast cells that sometimes represented more than 90% of WBC. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia was more frequent in Senegal (64% of AL). During these 21 month of follow up, 18 patients (18,5%) relapse and 38 (39%)died at different steps of traitement. Conclusion : In Senegal, Immunophenotyping significantly improve AL diagnosis. the implementation of cytogenetics is currently underway.

The seeds of ethanolic extract Aframomum pruinosum (EE) are popularly used in the management of cardiovascular conditions. This study was undertaken to evaluate the capacity of EE to prevent the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats. Isoproterenol (0.3 mg/kg/day, sc) was injected to male rats alone or concomitantly with EE (37.5, 75, or 150 mg/kg, per os) or propranolol (20 mg/kg/day, per os) for 7 consecutive days and Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate measurements were performed. Cardiac homogenates were used to assay myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, nitric oxide (NO) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Also, sections of heart tissue were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin, Masson trichrome, or for immunohistological labelling of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). Chemical profiling of EE was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Isoproterenol administration caused a decline in SBP and DBP (p < 0.001). Heart rate, cardiac mass, cardiomyocyte surface, and MPO levels were significantly (p < 0.001) increased. All these alterations were significantly prevented (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) by EE. EE inhibited immune cell infiltration and cardiac fibrosis elicited by isoproterenol injection. The overexpression of ANP in the atrium and ventricle induced by the isoproterenol was significantly (p < 0.001) prevented by EE. GC-MS analysis showed that EE possesses many compounds mainly nerolidol 2. EE possesses antihypertrophic effect against isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy that may result from its antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory properties, as well as its capacity to down regulate the expression of ANP.