Introduction Humanitarian crisis means any event or series of events that are harmful to the health or security of the general population. The Niger Republic is recently facing serious crisis amid the military coup of 26 th of July, 2023. Our fear is that if nothing is done about it quickly, there could be a civil war in Niger and other neighbouring countries. Aim The aim of this present article is to provide comprehensive knowledge about the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Niger, highlighting the factors that caused it and providing possible solutions for them. Methodology A literature search was done about the recent humanitarian crisis amid the military coup in the Niger Republic through databases such as PubMed, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, World Health Organization, United Nations, Online Newspapers and Reports between a 10-year-period. Result We found that the humanitarian crisis amid the military coup in Niger Republic has further amplified the vulnerability of millions of Nigeriens to more problems in the Niger Republic. The number of Nigeriens in need of humanitarian assistance has reportedly increased by 65% from 2.3 million in 2019 to 3.8 million in 2021. More than two million children in Niger have been impacted by the crisis in the country and are in need of humanitarian assistance. Furthermore, other causes of humanitarian crisis in the Niger Republic include; sociodemographic factors, climate change and other natural disasters. Conclusion The humanitarian crisis in Niger, caused by different factors such as socioeconomic stagnation, environmental causes, food insecurity, terrorist activities, and internal displacement is an alarming situation that requires an urgent solution and a response from the international community. There is a need to analyse all the underlying causes of humanitarian crises and find long-lasting solutions for them.

Introduction: Leptospirosis is a disease caused by a bacterium in the genus Leptospira which is carried and transmitted by animals, thus making it a zoonotic disease. Leptospirosis is more commonly seen in the tropics and in people who work outdoors or with animals. Aim: This present article aimed to equip the government of Vanuatu and the global community on the proper health planning and management of leptospirosis in Vanuatu. And also to bring leptospirosis to public light in Vanuatu so that appropriate government and private bodies in the country can put more resources towards eradicating the disease. Methodology: In writing this article, peer-reviewed scientific articles obtained from PubMed, ResearchGate and Google Scholar databases were consulted. We synthesised our findings and engaged in a discussion emphasising the urgent need for global health attention and collaborative efforts to mitigate the rising cases of leptospirosis in Vanuatu. Result: We found an increase in leptospirosis cases in Vanuatu from January to March 2023. As of 31 March 2023, 8 new Leptospirosis cases were recorded from 23 March to 30 March 2023. As a result of this, a total of 51 leptospirosis cases have been recorded since January 2023. One death was reported during the last week of March 2023, with a total of 6 deaths. Conclusion: To halt the spread of leptospirosis in Vanuatu, a multi-pronged strategy must be devised by the government of Vanuatu, including various stakeholders in Vanuatu as well as international bodies, governmental officials, the medical communities, and public health scholars in the world.