Antenna design is crucial for the continuous development of RFID systems as antennas are indispensable and influence system performance. The need for efficient antennas while being small and lightweight has attracted engineers and researchers for the study and development of it. RFID antenna design is more sophisticated art as compared to the conventional ones. Generally, tag antenna will be small, mobile, passive and linearly polarised while reader antennas are fixed, bulk and are circularly polarized. As such, many proposals were made by the scientific community to try and alleviate the issue using different types of antennas, feeds, and substrates and their combinations. However, the wide range of solutions and their diversity make it hard to have a clear and fair overview of the different works. This paper surveys the most relevant and recent known state-of-theart antenna design for RFID applications. Along with basic rules, clues and guidelines about efficient antenna design; we show an example of dual-band circularly polarized reader antenna developed in our lab for practical applications.

In nature the crucial role of learning and memory is achieved with the help of synapses. The synapses which are plastic in nature, is formed with inter cellular connections of neurons, and the combination of these biological structures form the basic building blocks of neural networks. Synapses can change their state based on the neural activity of coupled neurons. The functionality of neurons and synapses is mimicked in hardware by utilizing very large scale integration technology, plays a key role in design of neuromorphic computing systems. The pathway to efficient neuromorphic computing systems is encoding the neural and synaptic functionalities in an electronic spin. One dominant technology that consistently features in the list of neuromorphic computing systems is spintronics (with the spin behavior of electrons). It shows the potentials to exploit energy efficiency, performance,reliability, magnetization using electric fields, and enhanced memory density of spintronics memory devices. This article provides a high level survey of the beyond Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor(CMOS) research with an emphasis on spintronic devices and focussed review on neuromorphic computing based on magnetic skyrmions. Here we review the latest progress in the domain of spintronic neuromorphic computing with the coherent presentation of ideas is provided. The survey stretch the wide-ranging expanse of spintronics-based neuromorphic computing systems, and the scheme is to point out current trends, evolving research issues and further directions on spintronics devices deployed on neuromorphic computing systems. We commence the discussion with a historical perspective, evolution, and subsequently, we make an in-depth survey of underlying components.

The next big revolution after internet in the global information industry is Internet of Things. RFID technology which is short for Radio Frequency IDentification, plays a crucial role in IoT proliferation. The unique characteristic of RFID as an identification sensor (connecting non-computing things to internet) is the major driving force behind the huge popularity of IoT. While there has been considerable progress in adopting RFID, a strong understanding of the fundamentals required for innovation is missing. To draw advantage from the wide-spread acceptance of RFID technology, it will become important to have a complete review of all its components. This article analyses the literature from World War II to the present and is, as far as our knowledge goes the first survey focusing on RFID system for enabling IoT. Other surveys do exist that, rather than analyzing the technology being designed to enable IoT with sensing and actuating devices focus on security and privacy issues, or on the other end discuss the applications of RFID systems. In this survey, we make an exhaustive review of RFID technology working towards connecting all the physical devices to the internet. We commence the discussion with a historical perspective, evolution, RFID frequencies and subsequently, we make an in-depth survey of underlying components encompassing tags, readers and middleware. For alleviating the increased perception of threats, we make a detailed review of security and privacy issues and present the preliminary outcomes of extensive research carried to mitigate them. Short tutorial descriptions are provided as and when the demand arose. Compared to other survey papers in this field, our objective is to provide a more thorough summary of RFID fundamentals to enable researchers and application developers to get upto speed quickly on how the different components fit together to deliver desired functionalities in IoT without having to go through complex details of RFID systems (RFCs and standard specifications). Finally, we highlight lessons learned in making RFID more adaptive to IoT solutions and conclude with research challenges yet to be addressed in order to fully exploit the potential offered by connected and cognitive things.